Basiliximab treatment for steroid‐resistant rejection in pediatric patients following liver transplantation for acute liver failure

An IL‐2 receptor antagonist, basiliximab, decreases the frequency of ACR in liver transplant (LT) recipients as induction therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of basiliximab against SRR as rescue therapy in pediatric LT patients with ALF. Forty pediatric ALF patients underwent LT between November 2005 and July 2013. Among them, seven patients suffering from SRR were enrolled in this study. The median age at LT was 10 months (6–12 months). SRR was defined as the occurrence of refractory rejection after more than two courses of steroid pulse therapy. Basiliximab was administered to all patients. The withdrawal of steroids without deterioration of the liver function was achieved in six patients treated with basiliximab therapy without patient mortality, although one patient developed graft loss and required retransplantation for veno‐occlusive disease. The pathological examinations of liver biopsies in the patients suffering from SRR revealed severe centrilobular injuries, particularly fibrosis within one month after LT. We demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of rescue therapy consisting of basiliximab for SRR in pediatric LT recipients with ALF.     

多药耐药基因1的C3435T、T129C多态性与儿童难治性癫痫的相关性

目的探讨多药耐药基因1(MDR1)C3435T、T129C多态性与儿童难治性癫痫之间的相关性。方法采用PCR-RFLP方法检测260例儿童,包括难治性癫痫患儿(难治组)60例、疗效良好的癫痫患儿(易治组)100例及健康儿童(对照组)100例的MDR1基因C3435T、T129C位点多态性,比较三组基因型分布和等位基因频率的差异。结果难治组、易治组与对照组的C3435T位点基因型(TT、TC、CC)分布以及等位基因(T和C)频率差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。三组T129C位点基因型(TT、TC、CC)分布以及等位基因(T和C)频率差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);其中难治组TC基因型以及等位基因C的比例均较高。结论 MDR1基因T129C多态性可能与儿童难治性癫痫存在相关性。     

莫西沙星对耐药葡萄球菌生物膜药效学研究

目的：研究莫西沙星对4株临床耐药葡萄球菌生物膜的体外药效学。方法：采用微量肉汤稀释法测定莫西沙星的最低抑菌浓度（Minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）、最低抑制生物被膜浓度（Minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration,MBIC）和最低摧毁生物被膜浓度（minimal biofilm eradication concentration,MBEC）;测定莫西沙星对细菌生物膜形成量以及存活菌的影响;采用微量稀释棋盘法测定莫西沙星与局部用药瑞他帕林的联合抗生物膜效果。结果：莫西沙星在16~256mg/L的范围内可完全摧毁细菌生物膜;2 × MIC显著降低生物被膜的形成量;100 × MIC可显著降低生物被膜存活菌数;与瑞他帕林的联合抗生物膜分数（fractional biofilm inhibitory concentration,FBIC）均小于1.0。结论：莫西沙星对4株临床耐药葡萄球菌生物被膜具有抑制和摧毁作用,而且与局部用药瑞他帕林具有协同作用。     

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分子流行病学研究

目的 了解我院临床分离的43株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的遗传背景和可能性来源,以及不同来源菌株整合子的携带情况.方法 采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法对鲍曼不动杆菌进行分子分型,限制性内切酶选择Apa I;采用多位点序列分型(MLST)技术对全部菌株的等位基因谱进行比较分析;采用PCR方法对全部菌株的整合子进行扩增.结果 PFGE结果显示43株鲍曼不动杆菌共分成4个型,其中A型和B型又分别划分为4个和2个亚型,MUST结果则显示有3个等位基因谱,分别为1-3.3-2-2-7-3,1.3-3-2-2-11-3,1-3-3_2-2-14-3,其中PFGE方法中B型和D型菌株具有相同的等位基因谱(1-3-3-2-2-11-3);A型克隆株主要分布于ICU,烧伤科病房仅检测到B型和D型克隆株;43株菌株整合子的携带率为62.8%,其中A1、A2、A3、A4、B1、B2、C及D型菌株所占的构成比分别为40.7%、18.5%、7.4%、3.7%、14.8%、3.7%、3.7%及7.4%.结论 本地区多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌不仅呈多克隆系并存,而且同一克隆系在不同环境条件刺激下可进一步分化成不同亚型;相同类型整合子的不同携带情况也证实了菌株在进化过程中耐药机制可能会出现变化.     

Orthotopic liver transplantation for subacute hepatic failure following partial treatment of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis

Abstract: The management of patients with pre-existing tuberculosis (TB) undergoing liver transplantation is challenging. Cautious immunosuppression is required to prevent reactivation of disease, and second-line anti-tuberculous treatment may be necessary to prevent graft hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, liver transplantation in the context of isoniazid-resistant TB has seldom been reported. We report on a 44-year-old man with recent isoniazid-resistant extra-pulmonary TB who developed subacute hepatic failure requiring emergency liver transplantation and treatment with second-line anti-tuberculous therapy. We demonstrate that patients who have pre-existing TB can be successfully treated with alternative anti-tuberculous medication while under immunosuppression post transplantation. Pre-existing TB, including resistant strains, should not be an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation.     

抗噬菌体鼠疫菌株的发现与研究

在天山山地灰旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地中,从病的灰旱獭体内分离出抗鼠疫噬菌体株。该菌株形态呈多形性,菌落不典型,对动物的毒力弱并失去抗源性;但经传代或冷冻干燥保存一段时间后,逐渐失去对鼠疫噬菌体的抗性,与此同时菌落形态转为R型,具有抗原性,对动物的毒力也随之增强。     

医院感染的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌耐药基因分析

目的探讨医院感染的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）耐药基因的存在情况。方法对2006年6至7月临床分离的20株医院感染MRSA进行mecA、tetM、aac（6′）/aph（2″）、aph（3′）Ⅲ、ant（4′4″）耐药基因检测。结果20株MRSA检出m ecA阳性率为100%,aac（6）′/aph（2″）阳性率75%,tetM阳性率70%,aph（3′）Ⅲ阳性率40%、ant（4′4″）阳性率为20%。结论多数MRSA菌株存在耐β-内酰胺类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类等多种抗生素耐药基因,与表型一致,表型与遗传学均支持MRSA具有耐多药特征。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌基因型及其与耐药性的关系

目的：了解耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）基因型及其与耐药性的关系，为MRSA感染的治疗选药及分子流行病学研究提供实验依据。方法：用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法扩增MRSA mec基因高变区（HVR），据扩增片段大小差异进行基因分型，结合5种抗菌药物的MIC值，分析基因型与耐药性的关系。结果：86株MRSA被分为A、B、C、D4种基因型，以A（52．3％）、D（39．5％）型多见，B、C型少见，但后2型耐药性更高，各型菌均对万古霉素敏感。结论：治疗MRSA感染以选万古霉素，或联合阿米卡星、利福平为宜，HVR基因分型可作为MRSA感染分子流行病学研究的新手段。